The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has released a Draft ESA Recovery Plan for the giant manta ray (Mobula birostris), listed as threatened since January 2018. The plan sets demographic and threats-based recovery objectives and criteria that, when met, would allow delisting. Primary threats include fisheries-related mortality, targeted catch, bycatch in artisanal and commercial fisheries, and international gill plate trade. NMFS is simultaneously initiating the first 5-year status review of the species. Public comments on the draft plan are due December 16, 2024. No private applicant is involved; this is a purely federal recovery planning action.12