The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has prepared a draft Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Assessment (SPEA) to evaluate potential changes in the direct and indirect effects of fisheries and ecosystem research conducted and funded by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC). The assessment builds on prior analyses from the 2015 SWFSC Programmatic Environmental Assessment and the 2020 SWFSC SPEA, addressing new or modified research activities along the U.S. west coast and in the Scotia Sea area off Antarctica. Two alternatives are evaluated: a No-Action Alternative and a Preferred Alternative that adds mitigation for compliance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act. Resources examined include the physical environment, fish, marine mammals, birds, sea turtles, invertebrates, and the social and economic environment. Public comments are due by June 1, 2026.123